CHART OF THE DAY: The Rest Of The World Owns Us
When investing in foreign bonds, there are two important risks. The first, interest rate risk, is the risk that interest rates will rise in the future, decreasing the market value of your bonds. The second risk is currency risk. As the value of the dollar falls against foreign currencies, the foreign investors lose money on their bonds unless the interest rate on the bonds is greater than the percentage gain by their own currency. As the US attempts to devalue the dollar, foreign investors might demand higher interest rates.
That’s potentially painful, but not exactly a DOOM scenario. Try this on for size:
There is a good chance that China will move from being a net exporter to a net importer in the next decade. As that happens, China will become less dependent upon the US for its growth. It is conceivable that China could eventually run a trade deficit with the US. At that point, China would benefit from relative strength in the Yuan. Contemplate what would happen if China were to dump all its US bonds at once. Bond prices would plummet and rates would skyrocket. US deficit spending would become prohibitive, interest rates on credit cards would make current usurious rates look tame by comparison, and economic collapse would ensue. Now, to preempt any argument that China would not take such an action against the US, I defer to wikipedia’s discussion of the Suez Canal Crisis:
The United States also put financial pressure on Great Britain to end the invasion. Eisenhower in fact ordered his Secretary of the Treasury, George M. Humphrey to prepare to sell part of the US Government’s Sterling Bond holdings. The Government held these bonds in part to aid post war Britain’s economy (during the Cold War), and as partial payment of Britain’s enormous World War II debt to the US Government, American corporations, and individuals. It was also part of the overall effort of Marshall Plan aid, in the rebuilding of the Western European economies.
Britain’s then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Harold Macmillan, advised his Prime Minister Anthony Eden that the United States was fully prepared to carry out this threat. He also warned his Prime Minister that Britain’s foreign exchange reserves simply could not sustain a devaluation of the pound that would come after the United States’ actions; and that within weeks of such a move, the country would be unable to import the food and energy supplies needed simply to sustain the population on the islands.
The US was willing to resort to such tactics against an ally. We rarely consider China an ally. Granted, China won’t resort to such tactics unless it is in the best interest of China, but that may happen sooner than most people expect.